Food preservation techniques are essential for ensuring food security and reducing food waste. Food security refers to the availability of safe, nutritious, and affordable food for all people. Food waste, on the other hand, refers to the loss of edible food during production, processing, distribution, and consumption. Food preservation techniques play a crucial role in addressing both food security and food waste issues. Food preservation techniques are diverse and can be categorized into several groups. These groups include:
* **Thermal processing:** This group encompasses methods like canning, pasteurization, and sterilization. These methods utilize heat to destroy microorganisms and extend the shelf life of food.

This translates to a significant economic loss for the country, estimated at over 10 billion Naira annually. The problem is further compounded by inadequate infrastructure, including poor storage facilities, limited transportation networks, and inefficient distribution channels. These factors contribute to food spoilage and waste, leading to a loss of valuable resources and economic opportunities.

## Irradiation: A Powerful Tool in Food Preservation

Food safety and preservation are critical concerns in today’s world. The increasing demand for fresh produce, coupled with the ever-present threat of foodborne illnesses, demands effective solutions for extending shelf life and maintaining food quality. Among these, irradiation has emerged as a powerful and versatile tool. **Mechanism of Action:**

Irradiation utilizes ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and electron beams, to penetrate food products and destroy harmful microorganisms.

This demonstrates the effectiveness of food irradiation in mitigating post-harvest losses and improving food safety. Furthermore, food irradiation has been shown to be a valuable tool for combating foodborne illnesses. In the United States, the FDA has approved the use of irradiation for certain types of food, including spices, herbs, and fruits. The FDA has also approved the use of irradiation for certain types of meat and poultry products. The use of irradiation in these products has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses. For example, irradiation of chicken has been shown to reduce the risk of Salmonella contamination by up to 99%.

Food irradiation, a process that uses ionizing radiation to kill pathogens and extend shelf life, has been gaining traction as a potential solution to food waste and spoilage. It is a safe and effective method, with minimal environmental impact. However, its adoption has been hindered by various factors, including lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and regulatory hurdles. Despite these challenges, food irradiation is gaining momentum in various parts of the world. For instance, in the United States, it is widely used in the irradiation of spices, fruits, and vegetables. In India, it is being implemented for the preservation of spices and other food products.